The body is made up of trillions of living cells. Normal cells grow, divide to make new cells, and die in an orderly way. Cancer starts when cells start to grow out of control and instead of dying, continue to grow and form new, abnormal cells. Cells become cancer cells because of changes to their DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). In a normal cell, when DNA is damaged the cell either repairs the damage or dies. In cancer cells, the damaged DNA is not repaired and the cell goes on making new cells that the body does not need.

Though it is very difficult to pinpoint the definite cause. Certain substances, known as carcinogens, can definitely increase your chances of getting cancer. For instance, people who smoke or chew tobacco are more prone to mouth, throat and lung cancer. Contrary to popular opinion, beedi smoking is twice as dangerous as cigarettes. Continued irritation of tissues can lead to cancer. Pollution, preserved food, and junk food are also contributory factors. Even certain viruses can cause cancer (EBV, Hepatitis B, HPV). Amongst other known causes are asbestos, arsenic, pitch, tar, ultra-violet rays, etc.

You can only suspect its presence. A regular thorough physical check-up is your best guard against cancer, plus an examination when some danger signals or warning signs appear. You are the first line of defence against cancer because, you alone can recognize these danger signals. The earlier a cancer is treated the greater are the chances of a cure or longer survival. Through periodic examinations, cancer may be detected in its early stages, before the individual has noticed any sign or symptom. Cancers can be benign or malignant and this is determined by a biopsy.

Treatment is possible with surgery, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, radiotherapy or a combination of all these in the earliest possible stage of the disease. All these methods are available in India at various Hospitals. The emphasis on cancer treatment should be on multimodal management.